Happy Days

Happy Days is an American television sitcom that aired first-run from January 15, 1974 to September 24, 1984 on ABC, with a total of 255 half-hour episodes spanning eleven seasons. Created by Garry Marshall, the series presented one of the most successful series of the 1970s, an idealized vision of life in the mid-1950s to mid-1960s Midwestern United States, and starred Ron Howard as teenager Richie Cunningham, Henry Winkler as his friend Arthur “Fonzie”/”The Fonz” Fonzarelli, and Tom Bosley and Marion Ross as Richie’s parents, Howard and Marion Cunningham. Happy Days became one of the biggest hits in television history and heavily influenced the television style of its time.

The series began as an unsold pilot starring Howard, Ross and Anson Williams, which aired in 1972 as a segment entitled “Love and the Television Set” (later retitled “Love and the Happy Days” for syndication) on ABC’s anthology show Love, American Style. Based on the pilot, director George Lucas cast Howard as the lead in his 1973 hit film American Graffiti, causing ABC to take a renewed interest in the pilot.

The first two seasons of Happy Days focused on the experiences and dilemmas of “innocent teenager” Richie Cunningham, his family, and his high school friends, attempting to “honestly depict a wistful look back at adolescence”. Initially a moderate hit, the series’ ratings began to fall during its second season, causing Marshall to retool it emphasizing broad comedy and spotlighting the previously minor character of Fonzie, a “cool” biker and high school dropout. Following these changes, Happy Days became the number-one program in television in 1976–1977, Fonzie became one of the most merchandised characters of the 1970s, and Henry Winkler became a major star.

The series also spawned a number of spin-offs, including the hit shows Laverne & Shirley and Mork & Mindy.

Set in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the series revolves around teenager Richie Cunningham and his family: his father, Howard, who owns a hardware store; traditional homemaker and mother, Marion; younger sister Joanie; Richie’s older brother Chuck (seasons 1 and 2 only); and high school dropout, biker and suave ladies’ man Arthur “Fonzie”/”The Fonz” Fonzarelli, who would eventually become Richie’s best friend and the Cunninghams’ over the garage tenant.

The earlier episodes revolve around Richie and his friends, Potsie Weber and Ralph Malph, with Fonzie as a secondary character. However, as the series progressed, Fonzie proved to be a favorite with viewers and soon more story lines were written to reflect his growing popularity, and Winkler was eventually credited with top billing in the opening credits alongside Howard as a result.

Fonzie befriended Richie and the Cunningham family, and when Richie left the series for military service, Fonzie became the central figure of the show, with Winkler receiving sole top billing in the opening credits. In later seasons, other characters were introduced including Fonzie’s young cousin, Charles “Chachi” Arcola, who became a love interest for Joanie Cunningham. The eleven seasons of the series roughly track the eleven years from 1955 to 1965, inclusive, in which the show was set.

happy-days

The series’ pilot was originally shown as Love and the Television Set, later retitled Love and the Happy Days for syndication, a one-episode teleplay on the anthology series Love, American Style, aired on February 25, 1972. Happy Days spawned the hit television shows Laverne & Shirley, Life Goes On and Mork & Mindy as well as three failures, Joanie Loves Chachi, Blansky’s Beauties featuring Nancy Walker as Howard’s cousin, and Out of the Blue. The show is the basis for the Happy Days musical touring the United States since 2008.

The leather jacket worn by Winkler during the series was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution for the permanent collection at the National Museum of American History. The original tan McGregor jacket Winkler wore during the first season was eventually thrown into the garbage after ABC relented and allowed the Fonzie character to wear a leather jacket.

Episodes

Season Episodes Originally aired Nielsen ratings
First aired Last aired Rank Rating Tied with
1 16 January 15, 1974 May 7, 1974 16 21.5 N/A
2 23 September 10, 1974 May 6, 1975 N/A N/A N/A
3 24 September 9, 1975 March 2, 1976 11 23.9 N/A
4 25 September 21, 1976 March 29, 1977 1 31.5 N/A
5 27 September 13, 1977 May 30, 1978 2 31.4 N/A
6 27 September 5, 1978 May 15, 1979 4 28.5 Mork & Mindy
7 25 September 11, 1979 May 6, 1980 17 21.7 N/A
8 22 November 11, 1980 May 26, 1981 15 20.8 Too Close for Comfort
9 22 October 6, 1981 March 23, 1982 18 20.6 N/A
10 22 September 28, 1982 March 22, 1983 28 17.4 Little House: A New Beginning
11 22 September 27, 1983 September 24, 1984 63 13.9 N/A

Main Cast-

Ron Howard Richie Cunningham
Anson Williams Warren “Potsie” Weber
Marion Ross Marion Cunningham
Tom Bosley Howard Cunningham
Henry Winkler Arthur “Fonzie” Fonzarelli
Don Most Ralph Malph
Erin Moran Joanie Cunningham
Scott Baio Charles “Chachi” Arcola

With season four, Al Molinaro was added as Al Delvecchio, the new owner of Arnold’s, after Pat Morita‘s character of Arnold moved on after his character got married. (Morita had left the program to star in a short-lived sitcom of his own, Mr. T and Tina, which was actually a spin-off of Welcome Back, Kotter. Morita also starred in a subsequent short lived Happy Days spin-off series titled Blansky’s Beauties.) Al Molinaro also played Al’s twin brother Father Anthony Delvecchio, a Catholic priest. Al eventually married Chachi’s mother (played by Ellen Travolta) and Father Delvecchio served in the wedding of Joanie to Chachi in the series finale.

The most major character changes occurred after season five with the addition of Scott Baio as Fonzie’s cousin, Charles “Chachi” Arcola. Originally, the character Spike (mentioned as Fonzie’s nephew in the episode “Not With My Sister You Don’t,” but also claimed to be his cousin, as was stated in one episode) was supposed to be the character who became Chachi. Season five also saw the introduction of more outlandish and bizarre plots including Fonzie making a bet with the Devil, and the appearance of Mork (Robin Williams), an alien who wanted to take Richie back to his homeworld. Although when first aired this ended with it all simply being a dream Richie was having, this episode was retconned in subsequent airings by way of additional footage to have actually taken place, with Mork having wiped everyone’s memory except Richie’s and then deciding to time travel to the present day (the setting of Mork & Mindy).

Lynda Goodfriend joined the cast as semi-regular character Lori Beth Allen, Richie’s steady girlfriend, in season five, and became a permanent member of the cast between seasons eight and nine, after Lori Beth married Richie.

After Ron Howard (Richie) left the series, Ted McGinley joined the cast as Roger Phillips, the new physical education teacher at Jefferson High and nephew to Howard and Marion. He took over from the departed Richie Cunningham character, acting as counterpoint to Fonzie. Cathy Silvers also joined the cast as Jenny Piccalo, Joanie’s best friend who was previously referenced in various episodes from earlier seasons and remained as a main cast member until the final season. Both actors were originally credited as guest stars but were promoted to the main cast during season ten after several series regulars left the show.

The real focus of the series was now on the Joanie and Chachi characters, and often finding ways to incorporate Fonzie into them as a shoulder to cry on, advice-giver, and savior as needed. The Potsie character, who had already been spun off from the devious best friend of Richie to Ralph’s best friend and confidante, held little grist for the writers in this new age, and was now most often used as the occasional “dumb” foil for punchlines (most often from Mr. C.—whom he later worked for at Cunningham Hardware—or Fonzie).

Billy Warlock joined the cast in season 10 as Roger’s brother Flip, along with Crystal Bernard as Howard’s niece K.C. They were intended as replacements for Erin Moran and Scott Baio (who departed for their own show, Joanie Loves Chachi) and were credited as part of the semi-regular cast. Both characters left with the return of Moran and Baio, following the cancellation of Joanie Loves Chachi. Al Molinaro also left Happy Days in season 10 for Joanie Loves Chachi. Pat Morita then returned to the cast as Arnold in his absence.

In season 11, the story line of Richie and Lori Beth is given closure with the two-part episode “Welcome Home.” Richie returns home from the Army, but barely has time to unpack when he learns that his parents have lined up a job interview at the Milwaukee Journal for him. However, they are taken aback when he tells them he prefers to take his chances in California to become a Hollywood screenwriter. They remind him of his responsibilities and while Richie gives in, he becomes angry and discontented, torn between his obligations to his family and fulfilling his dream. After a confrontation that ends with a conversation with Fonzie, he decides to face his family and declare his intentions. While somewhat reluctant at first, they support him and bid Richie, Lori Beth, and Little Richie an emotional farewell.

Characters

Main

  • Richie Cunningham – The protagonist for the first seven years of the series (1974–80). When Ron Howard left the show due to his burgeoning directorial career, Richie was written out by leaving to join the United States Army. He marries his girlfriend, Lori Beth, in season eight by phone, while Fonzie stands-in for him in the wedding. Howard returned for guest appearances as Richie during the show’s final season. He came back with Lori Beth and their son, Richie Jr., and Ralph in the season 11 two-part episode, “Welcome Home”, and then left for California with Lori Beth and Richie Jr. to pursue a career in screenwriting. He also returned in “Passages”, when he and his family attended Joanie and Chachi’s wedding.
  • Marion “Mrs. C” Cunningham – Wife of Howard Cunningham, mother of Richie and Joanie, and a traditional homemaker. She is the only character who is allowed to call Fonzie by his real first name, Arthur, which she does affectionately. She sometimes gets tired of being at home, such as in “Marion Rebels” where she gets into an argument with Howard and briefly gets a job as a waitress at Arnold’s. In “Empty Nest” when Joanie left for Chicago to pursue her music career, Marion had “empty nest syndrome” and was thrilled when her and Howard’s niece, K.C., moved in with them. Marion was one of only four characters to remain with the show throughout its entire run.
  • Howard “Mr. C” Cunningham – Husband of Marion Cunningham, father of Richie and Joanie, business owner of a hardware store called “Cunningham’s Hardware”, he is a lodge member, and family man. Frequently seen reading the daily newspaper in his easy chair. Enjoys driving his beloved 1948 DeSoto Suburban. In “Letting Go”, he did not want Joanie to go to Chicago, still seeing her as his “little girl”. But after talking with Fonzie and realizing how much she has grown up, he supports her going. In “Passages”, Howard says that he is proud of Richie and Joanie in Joanie and Chachi’s wedding. Howard is one of only two characters (the other being Fonzie) to appear in every episode of the series.
  • Joanie Cunningham – Richie’s younger sister. In early seasons, she is sometimes snooping on Richie’s activities and would occasionally be sent to her room by her parents. She is affectionately called “Shortcake” by Fonzie. Later on, Joanie briefly joins a motorcycle gang after going on a date with a boy, whom she considered to be “dull”. In “Smokin’ Ain’t Cool”, Joanie started smoking in order to be in a cool club, until Fonzie sets her straight. For years, Fonzie’s cousin, Chachi, had been chasing her until she eventually agreed to a date with him. She and Chachi would eventually form a band together; and in “Letting Go”, they leave for Chicago to pursue their music career (which spun off the short-lived series Joanie Loves Chachi). Joanie, however, eventually left the band to return home to pursue a teaching career. She and Chachi then broke up for a time until Chachi proposes to her and they get married in the series finale.
  • Arthur “Fonzie” Fonzarelli – Initially a minor character, he was a hugely popular breakout character and was made a series regular. Fonzarelli’s “Fonzie” nickname and comeback phrase, “Sit on it,” were created by the show’s producer, Bob Brunner. Known for being especially cool and for his catchphrases “(H)eyyyy!” and “Whoa!” His coolness gave him special powers, such as making machinery (such as Arnold’s jukebox and other vending machines, electric lights, and car engines) function by pounding on them with his fist, or getting the attention of girls by snapping his fingers. His parents abandoned him as a child and his grandmother raised him from the age of four.
  • Warren “Potsie” Weber – Richie’s best friend and an aspiring talented singer. He is somewhat more carefree and worldly than Richie in early seasons, then in mid-seasons, he becomes more often paired with Ralph for plots, and the two became inseparable. In later seasons, his character evolves to increasingly emphasize his dimwitted side, and Ralph would often say to him “You’re such a Potsie”. Potsie often lightheartedly mentioned the supposed hatred his father (who never appeared on the show) had for him. Potsie remained with the show after Richie and Ralph joined the Army; however, he was seen less frequently. While Potsie’s character became underdeveloped in these later episodes (and he, along with Ralph, was one of the few characters absent from the finale), he is mentioned to regularly bowl with the Cunninghams and still continues his position as assistant manager of Cunningham Hardware, and as pledge master of the Leopard Lodge.
  • Ralph Malph – In the first season, Ralph was more of a side character to plots, but when Most became a main cast member in season two, Ralph was more commonly seen, and he, Richie, and Potsie (these two also later became roommates) became the three amigos. Known for saying “I still got it!” after delivering one of his jokes. Ralph left with Richie after the 1979–80 season to join the Army. Malph returned as a guest star in the final season, although he is absent in the finale (along with Potsie) – he is mentioned as having left to continue college to become an optometrist like his father.
  • Charles “Chachi” Arcola – Fonzie’s younger cousin and later Al Delvecchio’s stepson. Chachi is very close to his older cousin Fonzie. Fonzie acts as the older brother figure that Chachi needs. Chachi has a similar personality to his older cousin. He has Fonzie’s smoothness and charisma, but Chachi is more laidback. Chachi becomes “one of the guys” as he gets older, joining Richie, Potsie, Ralph, and Fonzie in their antics. After Richie and Ralph leave the show, Chachi and Fonzie often have plots together. Chachi has a crush on Joanie Cunningham from the moment he meets her in season 5, but she initially thinks of him as a little kid, calling him names like “shrimp,” “drip,” etc. But as they enter high school, she too begins to find him attractive. In season 11, they broke up for a short period. But as the season progresses, they get back together and Chachi eventually proposes to Joanie and she says yes. The series finale features Chachi and Joanie’s wedding.
  • Al Delvecchio – From seasons four to nine (1976–82), Al became the new owner/cook of the drive-in after Arnold got married the previous season. Al later married Chachi’s mother Louisa, thereby becoming Chachi’s stepfather and Fonzie’s uncle. Molinaro left Happy Days in 1982 to take his “Al” character to Joanie Loves Chachi, and returned as Al in three later episodes of Happy Days. Known for sighing “Yeeep, yep, yep, yep, yep” when he was disappointed or when things did not go his way.
  • Jenny Piccalo – Joanie’s boy-crazy best friend (1980–83), often mentioned in early episodes, but did not appear in person until the 1980 season. Returned as a guest star in the series finale. Jenny’s father appeared in one episode, played by Silvers’ real-life father Phil Silvers.
  • Roger Phillips – Marion’s nephew, coach and teacher at Jefferson High, until “Vocational Education” where he became principal at Patton High. Introduced in 1980 after Richie left the show as a recurring character.
  • Lori Beth Allen-Cunningham – Richie’s girlfriend and later his wife (1977–82). She married Richie by phone in season eight. Fonzie helped Lori Beth while she delivers the baby in “Little Baby Cunningham.” She returned as a guest star in the final season.
  • Ashley Pfister – (Linda Purl) Divorced mother who becomes Fonzie’s steady girlfriend, but later broke up offscreen sometime before, “Where the Guys Are.” Note Linda Purl was also on Happy Days in Season 2 as Richie’s part-time girlfriend Gloria.

Happy Days originated during a time of 1950s nostalgic interest as evident in 1970s film, television, and music. In late winter of 1971, Michael Eisner was snowed in at Newark airport where he bumped into Tom Miller, head of development at Paramount. Eisner has stated that he told Miller, “Tom, this is ridiculous. We’re wasting our time here. Let’s write a show.” The script treatment that came out of that did not sell. But in spite of the market research department telling them that the 50’s theme would not work, they decided to redo it, and this was accepted as a pilot. This unsold pilot was filmed in late 1971 and titled New Family in Town, with Harold Gould in the role of Howard Cunningham, Marion Ross as Marion, Ron Howard as Richie, Anson Williams as Potsie, Ric Carrott as Charles “Chuck” Cunningham, and Susan Neher as Joanie, Paramount passed on making it into a weekly series, and the pilot was recycled with the title Love and the Television Set (later retitled Love and the Happy Days for syndication), for presentation on the television anthology series Love, American Style.

Also in 1971, the musical Grease had a successful opening in Chicago, and by the following year became a hit on Broadway. Also in 1972, George Lucas asked to view the pilot to determine if Ron Howard would be suitable to play a teenager in American Graffiti, then in pre-production. Lucas immediately cast Howard in the film, which became one of the top-grossing films of 1973. With the movie’s success generating a renewed interest in the 50’s era, TV show creator Garry Marshall and ABC recast the unsold pilot to turn Happy Days into a series. According to Marshall in an interview, executive producer Tom Miller said while developing the sitcom, “If we do a TV series that takes place in another era, and when it goes into reruns, then it won’t look old.” This made sense to Marshall while on the set of the show.

Gould had originally been tapped to reprise the role of Howard Cunningham on the show. However, during a delay before the start of production he found work doing a play abroad and when he was notified the show was ready to begin production, he declined to return because he wanted to honor his commitment. Bosley was then offered the role.

Production and scheduling notes

  • Jerry Paris, who played next-door neighbor Jerry Helper on The Dick Van Dyke Show and directed several episodes of that series, directed every episode of Happy Days from season three on, except for three episodes in season three (“Jailhouse Rock”, “Dance Contest” and “Arnold’s Wedding”).
  • Producer and writer Bob Brunner created Arthur Fonzarelli’s “Fonzie” nickname and his iconic comeback phrase, “Sit on it.”
  • Beginning in September 1979 until the show went out of production, reruns of the show were syndicated under the title Happy Days Again.
  • Happy Days was produced by Miller-Milkis Productions, a teaming of Thomas L. Miller with former film editor Edward K. Milkis, which became Miller-Milkis-Boyett Productions when Robert L. Boyett joined the company in 1980, and was the first ever show to be produced by the company’s most recent incarnation, Miller-Boyett Productions, which followed Milkis’s resignation from the partnership. It was also produced by Henderson Productions and was one of the popular shows produced in association with Paramount Television.
  • In its 11 seasons on the air, Happy Days is the second-longest running sitcom in ABC‘s history (behind The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, which ran 14 seasons, from 1952 to 1966), and one of the longest-running primetime programs in the network’s history. It is also unique in that it remained in the same time slot, leading off ABC’s Tuesday night programming at 8:00 p.m. Eastern/Pacific (7:00 p.m. in the Central and Mountain zones) for its first ten seasons. That half-hour became a signature timeslot for ABC, with Who’s The Boss? instantly becoming a Top 10 hit when it was moved from Thursdays and staying in that time slot for six seasons, followed by the equally family-friendly sitcom Full House (another Miller-Boyett co-production). That sitcom also hit the Top 10 immediately after inheriting the Tuesday at 8:00/7:00 p.m. slot and then stayed there for four seasons.
  • Happy Days also proved to be quite popular in daytime reruns; they joined the ABC daytime schedule in 1975, airing reruns at 11:30 a.m. ET (10:30 a.m. CT/MT/PT), being moved to 11:00/10:00 a.m. in 1977, paired with Family Feud following at 11:30/10:30 a.m. It was replaced on the daytime schedule by reruns of its spin-off, Laverne & Shirley, in April 1979.
  • CBS programming head Fred Silverman scheduled the Maude spin-off Good Times directly against Happy Days during their respective second seasons in an attempt to kill the ABC show’s growing popularity. In a way this move backfired on Silverman, as he was named president of ABC in 1975, thus forcing him to come up with a way to save the show he tried to kill the year before. After having knocked Happy Days out of the top 20 programs on television his last year at CBS, Silverman had the series at the top of the Nielsen ratings by 1977 (see below). Good Times was later cancelled in 1979.
  • Ron Howard later revealed that many of the exterior scenes filmed in Happy Days were actually shot in Munster, Indiana.
  • The official series finale (“Passages”) aired on May 8, 1984. But there were five “leftover” episodes that ABC didn’t have time to air during the regular season due to the Winter Olympics and the spring run of a.k.a. Pablo. Four of these aired on Thursday nights during the summer of 1984; the fifth (“Fonzie’s Spots”) aired on September 24, 1984.

The first two seasons of Happy Days (1974–75) were filmed using a single-camera setup and laugh track. One episode of season two (“Fonzie Gets Married”) was filmed in front of a studio audience with three cameras as a test run. From the third season on (1975–84), the show was a three-camera production in front of a live audience (with a cast member, usually Tom Bosley, announcing in voice-over, “Happy Days is filmed before a live audience” at the start of most episodes), giving these later seasons a markedly different style. A laugh track was still used during post-production to smooth over live reactions.

Gary Marshall’s earlier television series The Odd Couple had undergone an identical change in production style after its first season in 1970–71.

Season one used a newly recorded version of “Rock Around the Clock” by Bill Haley & His Comets (recorded in the fall of 1973) as the opening theme song. This recording was not commercially released at the time, although the original 1954 recording returned to the American Billboard charts in 1974 as a result of the song’s use on the show. The “Happy Days” recording had its first commercial release in 2005 by the German label Hydra Records. (When Happy Days entered syndication in 1979, the series was retitled Happy Days Again and used an edited version of the 1954 recording instead of the 1973 version). In some prints intended for reruns and overseas broadcasts, the original “Rock Around the Clock” opening theme is replaced by the more standard “Happy Days” theme.

The show’s closing theme song in seasons one and two was a fragment from “Happy Days” (although in a different recording with a different lyric from that which would become the standard version), whose music was composed by Charles Fox and whose lyric was written by Norman Gimbel. According to SAG, this version was performed by Jimmy Haas on lead vocals, Ron Hicklin of the Ron Hicklin Singers, Stan Farber, Jerry Whitman, and Gary Garrett on backing vocals, and studio musicians.

From seasons three to ten inclusive, a longer version of “Happy Days” replaced “Rock Around the Clock” at the beginning of the show. Released as a single in 1976 by Pratt & McClain, “Happy Days” cracked the Top 5. The show itself finished the 1976–77 television season at #1, ending the five-year Nielsen reign of All in the Family. On the Season 2 DVD set release and later re-releases of the Season 1 DVD set, the song “Rock Around the Clock” was replaced with a reconstructed version of “Happy Days” because of music rights issues.

For the show’s 11th and final season (1983–84), the theme was rerecorded in a more modern style. It featured Bobby Arvon on lead vocals, with several back-up vocalists. To accompany this new version, new opening credits were filmed, and the flashing Happy Days logo was reanimated to create an overall “new” feel which incorporated 1980s sensibilities with 1950s nostalgia (although by this time the show was set in 1965).

The idiom “jumping the shark” describes a point in a series where it resorts to outlandish or preposterous plot devices to maintain or regain good ratings. Specifically, the term arose from the season five episode “Hollywood (Part 3)” that first aired on September 20, 1977, in which a water-skiing Fonzie (clad in swim trunks and signature leather jacket) jumps over a confined shark. Despite the decline in ratings, Happy Days continued for several years until its cancellation in 1984. The program never received an Emmy nomination for writing during its entire run; comedy writing Emmy nominations during Happy Days broadcast history were routinely awarded to the writers of such shows as M*A*S*H, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, and All in the Family.

Fonzie’s signature leather jacket has been on display at the National Museum of American History, part of the Smithsonian Institution, since the early 1990s.

Happy Days has been syndicated by many networks. It aired in the United States on TBS from 1989 to 1995, Nick at Nite from 1995 to 2000 (and again in 2002–03), Odyssey Network/Hallmark Channel from 1999 to 2002 (and again from January to April 2013), TV Land from 2002 to 2007, WGN America from 2002 until 2008, and FamilyNet from 2009 to 2010, INSP from 2012 to 2013, The Hub Network from 2010 to 2014. It currently airs reruns on MeTV.

In the United Kingdom reruns aired on Five USA and on Channel 4 between the early 1990s and the early 2000s. Original-run episodes in the 1970s and 1980s were shown on various regions of the ITV network usually on a weekday afternoon at 17:15. It is currently (2015–16) being shown on the True Entertainment channel.

When reruns first went into syndication on local stations while the series was still producing new episodes, the reruns were re-titled Happy Days Again. The series went into off-network syndication in fall 1979, just as season seven began on ABC. There are also some episodes still aired with the Happy Days Again title.

The show has aired in Australia on Eleven (a digital channel of Network Ten) since January 11, 2011 during the afternoon and midnight. Happy Days was a perennial favorite seen on the Nine Network from 1974 to 2006. During its original run in the 70s and early 80s on the Nine Network was shown every Sunday night with reruns shown every Saturday afternoons during the early 2000s.

There have been two reunion specials which aired on ABC: the first was The Happy Days Reunion Special originally aired in March 1992, followed by Happy Days: 30th Anniversary Reunion in February 2005 to commemorate the program’s 30th anniversary. Both were set up in interview/clip format.

Happy Days resulted in seven different spin-off series, including two that were animated: Laverne & Shirley, Blansky’s Beauties, Mork & Mindy, Out of the Blue, Joanie Loves Chachi, The Fonz and the Happy Days Gang (animated) and Laverne & Shirley with Special Guest Star The Fonz (animated).

  • The most successful of these spin-offs, Laverne & Shirley (1976–83) starring Penny Marshall and Cindy Williams, respectively, also took place in early/mid-1960s Milwaukee. As Shotz Brewery workers, modeled after the Miller, Schlitz, and Pabst Breweries once located in Milwaukee, Laverne and Shirley find themselves in adventures with The Fonz, Lenny and Squiggy and even the Cunninghams also living in the midwestern city. The two starring characters eventually moved to Los Angeles in the show’s later years. Penny Marshall is the sister of producer Garry Marshall. Happy Days and Laverne & Shirley had a crossover episode, “Shotgun Wedding”, in which Richie and Fonzie get into trouble with a farmer for courting his daughters and Laverne and Shirley try to help them. Part one is the season seven premiere of Happy Days and part two is the season five premiere of Laverne & Shirley.
  • Robin Williams made his first appearance as Mork on Happy Days as a last minute cast substitution for the episode “My Favorite Orkan” and proved a sensation with his performance. In his own sitcom, Mork & Mindy (1978–82), his character of Mork, the alien from the planet Ork, landed in 1970s Boulder, Colorado, to study humans and took up residence with Pam Dawber‘s character of Mindy McConnell. Originally, Mork’s appearance was explained as a dream of Richie’s, but after the spin-off was established, a new ending was tagged on to the repeat of the Happy Days episode explaining that Mork would return to Earth in 1978.
  • Joanie Loves Chachi (1982–83) was a short-lived show about Richie’s younger sister Joanie and Fonzie’s younger cousin Chachi’s relationship during their years as musicians in Chicago. While commonly believed that the show was canceled due to low ratings, the program finished in the Top 20 its first season, but ABC determined that the show was losing too much of its lead-in, suggesting low appeal if the show were moved (a suggestion that came to be realized, as the show’s ratings dropped dramatically after a move to another time slot in its second season). This type of cancellation seemed strange in the early 1980s, but soon became a commonplace part of TV audience research.
  • Out of the Blue (1979) is a spin-off of Happy Days, though a scheduling error had the series airing prior to the main character’s introduction on Happy Days.
  • Blansky’s Beauties (1977) starred Nancy Walker as former Las Vegas showgirl Nancy Blansky. One week before the show’s premiere, the Blansky character appeared on Happy Days as a cousin of Howard Cunningham. Scott Baio and Lynda Goodfriend co-starred before joining Happy Days the following fall, and Pat Morita reprised his role of Arnold. Similarly, Eddie Mekka of Laverne & Shirley played the cousin of his Carmine character, while pulling double duty as a regular in both shows.

Spin-off pilots that did not succeed include The Ralph and Potsie Show as well as The Pinky Tuscadero Show.

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